I'll tell you how I fixed the problem, but first, let me tell you what doesn't work for me about the new 1.5.3 version of wicd:

1. The gui is laggy.  When you open it, it takes a while before any of the options will respond, and even when they do, they sometimes take awhile to start working.
2. I have a broadcom card (a source of woe within itself -- curse all those companies that refuse play nice with the open source community) and the new version of wicd didn't give an option to use the broadcom wpa supplicant driver.
3. The install moves files around.  You will get a few notifications after the upgrade telling you that things moved around, but being a total n00b, I didn't appreciate the gravity of this would bork the program.

So after much googling, I eventually found out how to fix my problem.  To be specific, I figured out how to unstall version 1.5.3 and reinstall version 1.4.2.  Let somebody else beta test their bugs, I need my wireless to work.  This thread on the Ubuntu forums provided the answer.  Here are the steps I followed to restore my wireless and my sanity:

• Delete /var/lib/dpkg/info/wicd.prerm by entering the following in a terminal (found under Applications -> Accessories -> Terminal):

sudo rm /var/lib/dpkg/info/wicd.prerm

• Purge the borked version by entering the following in the terminal:

sudo aptitude purge wicd

• Download the deb package with the 1.4.2 version of wicd from this post in the thread.  Note that you will have to register on the forum in order to be able to download the package.
• Install the 1.4.2 version by opening Thunar and exploring to where you downloaded the deb package.  Simply double-click it, and it the gdebi program will open and let you install the package.
• Restart.

After I restared, my wireless just worked fine again.  I hope the same holds true for you.  Beware that the Update Manager will keep bugging you about the new version of wicd.  Fight the urge to give in.  And if anyone knows how to keep Update Manager from nagging you about the upgrade, please let me know.

Thanks to Noob on Xubuntu for the tip about installing a deb package from Thunar, to itsjareds for sharing version 1.4.2, to cutOff for posting the full instructions for restoring the old version. And finally, Thanks to diva_urd for expressing her indignation so well.

1) Primeiro instale o Ruby:

[sourcecode language="ruby"]
sudo aptitude install ruby1.8-dev ruby1.8 ri1.8 rdoc1.8 irb1.8 libreadline-ruby1.8 libruby1.8
[/sourcecode]

2) Mude as váriaveis simbólicas:

[sourcecode language="ruby"]
sudo ln -s /usr/bin/ruby1.8 /usr/local/bin/ruby
sudo ln -s /usr/bin/ri1.8 /usr/local/bin/ri
sudo ln -s /usr/bin/rdoc1.8 /usr/local/bin/rdoc
sudo ln -s /usr/bin/irb1.8 /usr/local/bin/irb
[/sourcecode]

3) Instale o RUBYGEM:
Baixe o arquivo no site do rubygem (http://www.rubygems.org/), descompacte e dentro da pasta instale com:

[sourcecode language="ruby"]
ruby setup.rb
[/sourcecode]

4) Agora mude a variável simbólica deste:

[sourcecode language="ruby"]
sudo ln -s /usr/bin/gem1.8 /usr/local/bin/gem
[/sourcecode]

5) Instale a versão do Rails que você quiser (no meu caso 1.2.6):

[sourcecode language="ruby"]
sudo gem install rails -v 1.2.6
[/sourcecode]

Pronto!

Para criar um projeto com esta versão dê:

[sourcecode language="ruby"]
rails _1.2.6_ "nome do projeto"
[/sourcecode]

Obs: Você pode ter várias versões do Rails em sua máquina.

sudo apt-get autoremove

Warto jednak, raz na jakiś czas, użyć specjalnego programu, który wyszuka 'osierocone' pakiety. Najbardziej znanym narzędziem jest deborphan.

Instalacja

Deborphan znajduje się w standardowych repozytoriach Ubuntu/Debiana.

sudo apt-get install deborphan

Użycie

Deborphan jest programem konsolowym. Wpisanie samego 'deborphan' pokaże nam jedynie biblioteki, które nie są już potrzebne. Dostępnych jest jednak kilka opcji, które sprawią, że otrzymamy pełną listę osieroconych pakietów. Najefektywniejszym sposobem jest użycie opcji --guess-all (zachęcam do zapoznania się z deborphan --help i man deborphan). Wpisujemy więc w konsoli:

deborphan --guess-all

Warto teraz zauważyć dwie rzeczy:

1. Do użycia polecenia deborphan nie potrzebujemy praw administratora.
2. Deborphan jedynie wyszukuje pakiety, nie usuwa ich.

W przypadku, gdy program znalazł kilka pakietów, nie ma większego problemu. Co jednak zrobić, gdy znaleziono kilkadziesiąt pakietów? UWAŻNIE CZYTAMY LISTĘ ZNALEZIONYCH PAKIETÓW. Może się tak zdarzyć (mi się jeszcze nie zdarzyło), że przez częste zamienne używanie apt-get i aptitude 'posypały się' zależności. Warto więc chociaż przejrzeć listę paczek, aby sprawdzić, czy deborphan nie proponuje nam wyrzucić np. Gnome'a, Firefoksa, lub innego, ważnego dla nas, programu.
Nie musimy każdej paczki usuwać ręcznie. Ja zawsze robię to w ten sposób:

sudo apt-get remove --purge `deborphan --guess-all`

W miejsce `deborphan --guess-all` zostanie wstawiony wynik tego polecenia (te 'pojedyncze ciapki' znajdują się przeważnie na klawiszu z tyldą).

Does a Colorado worker have the right to work anywhere he/she wants? Provisionally, yes. What is the provision? It is several things.

• Can one do the job mentally, physically, emotionally?
• Does one have the aptitude for the job?
• Does one have the experience for the job?
• Does one have the education for the job?
• Does the worker have the capacity to promptly attend the job?
• Can the person be trusted in the job?

This list is not inclusive of all provisions employers place on the "right" someone has to work for their company. Here is a provision that proponents of 47, Ryan Frazier, Julian Jay Cole, and other supporters like Jonathan Coors and Bill Owens detest:

• Is the employee a union worker?

Being a union worker is nothing more than a provision required for some jobs, just like all the other provisions listed above. If being a union member tramples the "right" of the employee, why don’t any of the other provisions above do the same thing?

The language of Colorado Amendment 47 is exclusively against unions and collective bargaining (read the bill under Downloads). No one is FORCED to join any union. Sometimes, it is a provision the EMPLOYER requires. Does an employer have that right? Absolutely.

47 attacks the rights of employees. 47 attacks the rights of employers who collectively bargain. 47 attacks the freedoms of all workers in Colorado. Attack 47. Vote NO.

Working hard to keep it simple,
Carpenter Joe

1. aptitude lässt sich sowohl als Komandozeilenbefehl ausführen wie auch als Benutzeroberfläche.
2. In der Kommandozeile lassen sich verschiedene Aktionen in einem Befehl sehr einfach kombinieren , wie: "aptitude install PAKET1+ PAKET2- ", wodurch das erste Paket installiert und das zweite deinstalliet wird.
3. aptitude kennt erweiterte Statusinformationen für die installierten Pakete.
4. In aptitude kann eingestellt werden, ob nur abhängige, empfohlene oder auch vorgeschlagene Pakete automatisch installiert werden.
5. Sowohl in der Kommandozeile als auch in der Benutzeroberfläche lassen sich bestens Paketkategorien wie Name, Beschreibung, usw. filtern und suchen (es kann somit auch apt-cache zum Suchen ersetzen)
6. In der Benutzeroberfläche lassen sich Paketabhängigkeiten sehr gut zurückverfolgen - auch löst aptitude Abhängigkeiten sauberer auf.
7. Die Benutzeroberfläche lässt sich als unprivilegierter Nutzer starten; alle Aktionen können so gefahrlos simuliert werden, ohne dass man Gefahr läuft, sein System zu zerschießen.
8. aptitudes Benutzeroberfläche vereinfacht den Überblick über veraltete Pakete, indem diese in einem eigenen Unterpunkt "Obsolete und lokale Pakete" einsortiert.
9. aptitudes Oberfläche hat eine Schnittstelle zum Debian Task System, in welchem Tasks manuell konfiguriert werden können, wodurch es tasksel noch aussticht.
10. Die Oberfläche zeigt die verschiedenen Versionen aus verschiedenen Quellen an, wodurch ein upgrade/downgrade erleichtert wird.
11. ... protokolliert seine Aktionen in /var/log/aptitude
12. ... geht sauber mit Empfehlungen (recommends) um
13. ... erlaubt nichtstandardmäßige Versionen aus anderen Paketquellen als Bevorzugte zu installieren.

Ich würde dazu einen wichtigen Punkt hinzufügen - nämlich die Tatsache das die Syntax der Basisbefehle m.W. fast identitisch ist. D.h. also "aptitude install", "aptitude remove" usw. sind möglich. D.h. eine Umstellung ist nicht schwer.

Ich habe mich da schon seit einiger Zeit drauf umgestellt und bin aber immer wieder erstaunt das einerseits im Ubuntu-Wiki noch apt-get empfohlen wird und andererseits sonst nicht viele User umgestellt haben. Daher dieses Posting.

Ich habe bereits einiges in Wikia Search zu aptitude hinzugefügt.

Reference: 1208262126

An experienced Mathematical Modelling Consultant is required for an ERS Client's Dorset site. The successful applicant will provide scientific and technical consultancy to UK and overseas clients in the nuclear (and non-nuclear) sectors.

Location

Dorset

Client Information

Our Client's Nuclear Services (NSER) business provides consultancy advice to a variety of high technology users from within the nuclear and non-nuclear industries.

They provide scientific consultancy and software to many of the major players in the civil nuclear power industry, in the UK and overseas, and also support a number of large research programmes for the Ministry of Defence.

These posts represent an excellent opportunity for mathematicians, physicists, or engineers who wish to develop expertise in mathematical modelling in a diverse range of disciplines. These could include one or a combination of reactor physics, fluids and thermal modelling, radiation transport, aerosol transport, modelling chemical reactions and many others. Methods developments support safety and performance of power reactors, various nuclear facilities and other industrial plant operations.

NSER is a large department of experienced scientists and engineers, based at Winfrith and Harwell, working on a diverse range of projects for a broad portfolio of clients.

Working on these projects requires interaction with colleagues across the Groups, as well as supporting colleagues across the company. Many of their more experienced staff provide the technical lead on such projects, and this post offers the opportunity to develop into such a role.

Our client is committed to the training and continuing professional development of its staff; seeking to keep their skills up to date by appropriate training, attendance at conferences and liaison with universities. NSER has strong links with many science and engineering departments of a number of leading universities and retains access to state-of-the art research in these institutions.

Requirements & Responsibilities

The provision of scientific and technical consultancy to UK and overseas clients in the nuclear (and non-nuclear) sectors, including analysing problems and developing solutions.

Developing, maintaining and validating the computer codes in their code products range.

Involvement in research tasks in the civil or defence nuclear sectors.

The production and presentation of technical reports to clients; Task management, including delivery of work to agreed timescales and budget; Leading/assisting with the production of contract proposals and bids, and identifying new technical business development opportunities

Requirements: Education and Experience

Educated to honours degree level (1 or 2:1) in mathematics, physics or engineering, coupled ideally with a relevant post graduate qualification. They are seeking high calibre candidates, who are flexible and keen to develop their skills in the above disciplines.

Some experience of FORTRAN and other high level programming languages, and also with modelling packages such as MATHMATICA or MATHCAD would be an advantage, as would previous experience within the civil nuclear industry or the defence nuclear sector.

Applications from any well qualified candidates in related scientific disciplines are welcome; such candidates will be considered if they can demonstrate a high level of commitment to learn new skills.

Security clearance to work on defence related projects would be desirable.

Core Competences

A strong mathematics, physics or engineering background; An aptitude for mathematical modelling including the ability to break down complex situations into tractable problems; An aptitude for computer code development and application; Good analytical skills and the ability to interpret a variety of technical information, distilling and conveying key information; Task management to deliver to time, budget and quality; The ability to work well in multi-disciplinary teams; Flexibility and adaptability, to be able to work on a variety of projects and good interpersonal and communication skills.

Contact ERS on 01454 203 460, or submit a CV to cv@energyrs.co.uk, to register your interest or apply, details at www.ERSJobs.co.uk

El caso es que realizando esa búsqueda observé algo curioso:

Estaba convencido de que al buscar algo con aptitude la búsqueda se hacía tanto por el nombre como por la descripción, y ha resultado no ser así. Esto no ocurre con apt-cache, que sí busca en ambos campos.

Consultado el tema, me remitieron a la documentación de aptitude, localizada en /usr/share/doc/aptitude/README y descubrí varias cosillas útiles. Se pueden utilizar algunos argumentos para potenciar las búsquedas:

• aptitude search ~ntexto: buscará el texto que le pongamos en el nombre del paquete
• aptitude search ~dtexto: buscará el texto en la descripción del paquete

Ahora si ha funcionado la búsqueda. Hay otras opciones, como:

• aptitude search ~itexto: busqueda de paquetes instalados
• aptitude search ~ctexto: busqueda de paquetes desinstalados, pero no purgados

Una de las recomendaciones que me hicieron era la de usar tanto aptitude como apt-cache para las búsquedas, ya que cada uno tiene sus ventajas. Y si teneis mas dudas, echad un vistazo al archivo README de aptitude que os comentaba antes.

sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

Colocamos la clave de administrador cuando la pida y luego agregamos la siguiente linea en el archivo que acabamos de abrir

deb mirror://www.getdeb.net/playdeb-mirror/hardy/// hardy/

Luego, nuevamente en el terminal, colocamos lo siguiente

sudo aptitude update

Y ahora contamos con una gran cantidad de juegos nuevos que podemos instalar.

Para ello vamos al menú Sistemas -> Administración -> Gestor de paquetes Synaptic, y alli hacemos click en Origen y seleccionamos en las categorias getdeb.net en donde encontraremos los nuevos juegos.

También podemos instalar los juegos a través de la linea de comandos de la siguiente manera

sudo aptitude install <nombre del paquete>

En donde reemplazaremos <nombre del paquete> por el que queremos instalar, aqui una lista de algunos de los juegos que podemos instalar:

Sólo reemplazamos <nombre del paquete> por los nombres de esta lista tal y como aparecen y listo, a probar.

Recomiendo full UrbanTerror para jugar en red, excelente y realista como pocos...

Q. Read the information given below & answer the question:

1. A,B,C,D,E,F are six members in a family in which there are two married couples. E, a professor is married to a doctor who is mother of C and F. B, the lawyer is married to A. A has one son and one grandson. Of the two married ladies one is a house wife. There is also one student and male engineer in the family.

            1]         how is A related to C?

                        1. Grandmother            2.Grandfather   3.Mother          4. Sister

            2]         Who among the following is the housewife?

                        1. A     2. B      3.C      4.D

            3]         How is C related to F?

                        1. Brother         2. Sister            3. brother or sister        4.data inadequate        

Q. There are six persons A,B,C,D,E,F. C is the sister of F. B is the brother of E’s husband. D is father of A and grandfather of F. There are two fathers, three brothers and a mother in the group.

            4]         Who is the mother ?

                        1.A      2.B       3.D      4.E

            5]         Who is E’s husband?

                        1.B       2.C      3.A      4.F

            6]         How is F related to E ?

                        1. Uncle           2.Husband        3.Son   4.Daughter

Q. 7] Six persons A,B,C,D,E,F are standing in a circle. B is between F & C .A is between E & D. F is to the left of D. Who   

          is between A & F ?

            1. B      2.C      3.D      4. Both B & D

Q.8]  If  Neena says,” Anita’s   father Raman is the only son of my father-in-law Manipal”, then how is Bindu ,who is the sister

         of Anita, related to Manipal ?

            1. Niece           2.Daughter       3.Wife              4.Grand-daughter

Q .9In a certain language FASHION is coded as FOIHSAN, how is PROBLEM coded in that?

            1.ROBLEMP   2. PELBORM  3.PRBOELM   4.RBPOELM

Q. 10] If MACHINE is coded as 19-7-9-14-15-20-11, how will you code DANGER ?

            1.10-7-20-13-11-24    2.11-7-20-16-11-24    3.13-7-20-9-11-25      4.13-7-20-10-11-25

Section-B QUANTITATIVE APTITUDE

Q.12] If Rs.160 is 2/5% of the value of a house, find the value of house

            1.Rs. 25000     2.Rs.400          3.RS.40000     4.Rs 4000

Q.13] The height of a tree is 10 feet. Increases at a rate of 1% Find the height of the tree after 2 years

            1.10.1 feet        2.10.210 feet    3.10.101feet     4.9.5feet

Q.14] A dishonest dealer sells goods at 7% loss on cost price but uses 12 gm instead of 16 gm. What is his % profit or loss?

            1.profit 24%     2.loss 24%       3.profit 25%     4.loss 25%

Q.15] A man sells two items each at Rs.990. He gains 10% on one item and losses 10% on the other .Find his total gain or

           loss %

            1.gain 1%         2. loss 15 %       3. gain 10%      4.loss 10%

Q.16] The rate of flow of water in a pipe varies inversely as the square of the radius of the pipe. What is the ratio of the rates

           of flow in two pipes of diameters 2 cm. & 4 cm. respectively?

            1.9       2.3       3.6       4.12

Q.17] A, B, C have a total sum of Rs.225. The ratio of A”S money to that of B & C together is 1:2.Find amount of “A”

            1.Rs.85            2.Rs.75            3.Rs.65            4.Rs.55

Q.18] X:Y=5:2 then (8X+9Y):(8X+2Y) is

1.22:29            2.26:61            3.29:22            4.61:26

Q.19] If X:Y=3:4 then (2X+3Y):(3Y-2X)=?

            1.2:1    2.3:2    3.3:1    4.21:1

Q.20]   What is % of a day is 3 hours?

            1.12.5%           2.16.66%         3.18.66%         4.22.5%

Section-C Technical

1)   The change in length due to a tensile or compressive force acting on a body is given

       by

                       1) P.l.A/E                     2) Pl/AE

                        3) E/P.l.A                     4) AE/Pl

Where              P = Tensile or compressive force acting on the body     

                        l = original length of the body

                        A =cross-sectional area of the body, and

                        E =Young’s modulus

2)    For a perfect gas, according to Boyle’s law

                        1) pv =constant, if T = constant             2) v/T=constant, If p=const

                        3) p/T=constant, if v=const                   4) T/p=constant, if v=const

Where              P = absolute pressure

                        v = volume

                        T = absolute temperature

3)  The working pressure and temperature inside the cylinder of an internal combustion     engine is …………as compared to a steam engine.

                        1) low                          2) very low

                        3) high              4) very high

4) Which of the following example of sliding pair?

                        1) Piston & cylinder of an reciprocating steam engine                                                     2) Shaft with collars at both ends fitted in to a circular hole

                        3) Lead screw of a lathe with nut                                              

                        4) Ball & socket joint

5) The ratio of the specific weight of a liquid to the specific weight of   pure water at a standard temperature is called

                        1) density of liquid                    2) specific gravity of liquid

                        3) compressibility of liquid   4) surface tension of liquid

6) When a body, floating in a liquid, is given a small angular displacement, it starts oscillating about a point known as  

                        1) centre of pressure                             2) centre of gravity

                        3) centre of buoyancy                           4) metacentre

7) The heat transferred by conduction, convection and radiation in

                        1) Melting of ice                                   2) boiler furnaces

                        3) both a & b                                      4) none of these

8 )  Stoichiometric ratio is

                        1) Chemically correct air-fuel ratio by weight    

                        2) correct air-fuel ratio by volume

                        3) actual air-fuel ratio for maximum efficiency

                        4) none of the above

9) During idling, a petrol engine requires……….mixture.

                        1) lean                          2) rich

                        3) chemically correct     4) very lean

10) The volume of air sucked by the compressor during its suction stroke is called

                        1) free air delivery                                 2) compressor capacity

                        3) swept volume                                   4) none of these

  For any difficulty, contact Dhage Sachin & Raut Santosh ( BE mech)

• je geen andere versie kunt forceren (Pakket --> 'Versie forceren...'), of
• je wel een andere versie kunt forceren, maar bij het installeren worden pakketten verwijderd die niet verwijderd mogen worden (bijv. ubuntu-desktop), of
• je kan het pakket niet verwijderen, omdat er pakketten worden verwijderd die niet verwijderd mogen worden, om daarna een andere versie installeren.

Dit artikel laat zien hoe je het wel voor elkaar krijgt.
Eerst moet we bekijken of er wel een lagere versie van een pakket aanwezig is om te downgraden. Doe dit als volgt:

Ga naar Toepassingen --> Hulpmiddelen --> Terminalvenster (in KDE: K-Menu -–> Systeem -–> Konsole) en voer het volgende commando uit: apt-cache showpkg <pakketnaam>
We nemen als voorbeeld even het samba pakket. Het uit te voeren commando is dus: apt-cache showpkg samba. Dit commando geeft dan de volgende uitvoer:

Package: samba
Versions:
3.0.28a-1ubuntu4.5 (/var/lib/apt/lists/nl.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_hardy-proposed_main_binary-i386_Packages) (/var/lib/dpkg/status)
Description Language:
File: /var/lib/apt/lists/nl.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_hardy-proposed_main_binary-i386_Packages
MD5: 3ba3ba983bd5f035f874bc87c3b3f288

3.0.28a-1ubuntu4.4 (/var/lib/apt/lists/security.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_hardy-security_main_binary-i386_Packages) (/var/lib/apt/lists/nl.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_hardy-updates_main_binary-i386_Packages)
Description Language:
File: /var/lib/apt/lists/security.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_hardy-security_main_binary-i386_Packages
MD5: 3ba3ba983bd5f035f874bc87c3b3f288

3.0.28a-1ubuntu4 (/var/lib/apt/lists/nl.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_hardy_main_binary-i386_Packages)
Description Language:
File: /var/lib/apt/lists/nl.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_hardy_main_binary-i386_Packages
MD5: 3ba3ba983bd5f035f874bc87c3b3f288

Reverse Depends:
winbind,samba 2.2.3-2
swat,samba 3.0.28a-1ubuntu4.5
smbclient,samba 2.999+3.0.alpha21-4
samba-dbg,samba 3.0.28a-1ubuntu4.5
samba-common,samba 3.0.20b-1
libpam-smbpass,samba
system-config-samba,samba
winbind,samba 2.2.3-2
swat,samba 3.0.28a-1ubuntu4.4
smbclient,samba 2.999+3.0.alpha21-4
samba-dbg,samba 3.0.28a-1ubuntu4.4
samba-common,samba 3.0.20b-1
libpam-smbpass,samba
mythbuntu-live,samba
system-config-samba,samba
qtsmbstatus-server,samba
qemu,samba
lprfax,samba
linpopup,samba
gsambad,samba
education-main-server,samba
ebox-samba,samba
dpsyco-samba,samba
debian-edu-config,samba 3.0.0
winbind,samba 2.2.3-2
swat,samba 3.0.28a-1ubuntu4
smbclient,samba 2.999+3.0.alpha21-4
samba-dbg,samba 3.0.28a-1ubuntu4
samba-common,samba 3.0.20b-1
nautilus-share,samba 3.0.23
libpam-smbpass,samba
Dependencies:
3.0.28a-1ubuntu4.5 - adduser (0 (null)) debconf (18 0.5) debconf-2.0 (0 (null)) libacl1 (2 2.2.11-1) libattr1 (2 2.4.4-1) libc6 (2 2.4) libcomerr2 (2 1.33-3) libcupsys2 (2 1.3.4) libgnutls13 (2 2.0.4-0) libkrb53 (2 1.6.dfsg.2) libldap-2.4-2 (2 2.4.7) libpam-modules (0 (null)) libpam-runtime (2 0.76-13.1) libpam0g (2 0.99.7.1) libpopt0 (2 1.10) logrotate (0 (null)) lsb-base (2 3.0-6) procps (0 (null)) samba-common (5 3.0.28a-1ubuntu4.5) update-inetd (0 (null)) zlib1g (2 1:1.2.3.3.dfsg-1) openbsd-inetd (16 (null)) inet-superserver (0 (null)) smbldap-tools (0 (null)) samba-common (1 2.0.5a-2)
3.0.28a-1ubuntu4.4 - adduser (0 (null)) debconf (18 0.5) debconf-2.0 (0 (null)) libacl1 (2 2.2.11-1) libattr1 (2 2.4.4-1) libc6 (2 2.4) libcomerr2 (2 1.33-3) libcupsys2 (2 1.3.4) libgnutls13 (2 2.0.4-0) libkrb53 (2 1.6.dfsg.2) libldap-2.4-2 (2 2.4.7) libpam-modules (0 (null)) libpam-runtime (2 0.76-13.1) libpam0g (2 0.99.7.1) libpopt0 (2 1.10) logrotate (0 (null)) lsb-base (2 3.0-6) procps (0 (null)) samba-common (5 3.0.28a-1ubuntu4.4) update-inetd (0 (null)) zlib1g (2 1:1.2.3.3.dfsg-1) openbsd-inetd (16 (null)) inet-superserver (0 (null)) smbldap-tools (0 (null)) samba-common (1 2.0.5a-2)
3.0.28a-1ubuntu4 - adduser (0 (null)) debconf (18 0.5) debconf-2.0 (0 (null)) libacl1 (2 2.2.11-1) libattr1 (2 2.4.4-1) libc6 (2 2.7-1) libcomerr2 (2 1.33-3) libcupsys2 (2 1.3.4) libgnutls13 (2 2.0.4-0) libkrb53 (2 1.6.dfsg.2) libldap-2.4-2 (2 2.4.7) libpam-modules (0 (null)) libpam-runtime (2 0.76-13.1) libpam0g (2 0.99.7.1) libpopt0 (2 1.10) logrotate (0 (null)) lsb-base (2 3.0-6) procps (0 (null)) samba-common (5 3.0.28a-1ubuntu4) update-inetd (0 (null)) zlib1g (2 1:1.2.3.3.dfsg-1) openbsd-inetd (16 (null)) inet-superserver (0 (null)) smbldap-tools (0 (null)) samba-common (1 2.0.5a-2)
Provides:
3.0.28a-1ubuntu4.5 -
3.0.28a-1ubuntu4.4 -
3.0.28a-1ubuntu4 -
Reverse Provides:

Versions laat een lijst zien van de beschikbare versies in de cache, waar deze cache zich bevindt (folder) en de MD5-sum.
Dependencies geeft per samba versie aan waar het pakket samba afhankelijk van is.
Reverse depends geeft aan welke andere pakketten afhankelijk zijn van samba, maar hoeven niet geïnstalleerd te zijn.
Provides geeft aan welke versies van samba in de cache aanwezig zijn en dus geïnstalleerd kunnen worden.

Stel je voor we willen de geïnstalleerde versie 4.5 downgraden naar versie 4.4. We moeten dan het commando 'aptitude install' uitvoeren met de versie van het te downgraden pakket. Dit doen we door achter de naam van het pakket een gelijkteken (=) met de versienaam te plaatsen. De versienaam vind je onder 'Provides:' in de uitkomst van het apt-cache commando zoals hierboven weergegeven. Het commando wat we dus in het terminalvenster gaan uitvoeren is sudo aptitude install samba=3.0.28a-1ubuntu4.4 . Zorg wel dat je de vragen die gesteld worden goed leest, anders kan je wel eens iets fout doen! Dit geeft ongeveer het volgende terug:

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading extended state information
Initializing package states... Done
Building tag database... Done
The following packages will be DOWNGRADED:
samba
0 packages upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 downgraded, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 223kB of archives. After unpacking 0B will be used.

Let op het woord DOWNGRADED.
Het voorgaande werkt alleen als de geïnstalleerde pakketten in de cache bewaard worden. De optie 'Opgehaalde pakketten verwijderen na installatie' in Systeem --> Beheer --> 'Synaptic pakketbeheer' --> Instellingen --> Voorkeuren --> Bestanden tabblad mag niet aangevinkt zijn!

A-1.deb
|
`----- Adep1-1.deb
`----- Adep2-1.deb

B-1.deb
|
`------ Bdep1-1.deb

Now, there is a new package available for program A, namely A-2.deb. A-2.deb still depends on Adep1-1.deb but now it also depends on a new version of Adep2, namely Adep2-2.deb:

A-2.deb
|
`----- Adep1-1.deb
`----- Adep2-2.deb

There is also a new package for program B, namely B-2.deb, and there is also a new version of B-2's dependency, namely Bdep1-2.deb. But contrary to the already installed version of B, B-1.deb, B-2.deb also depends on a new package: Bdep-new-1.deb

B-2.deb
|
`------ Bdep1-2.deb
`------ Bdep-new-1.deb

If you now execute an apt-get upgrade you would see something like this:

     # apt-get upgrade
     Reading Package Lists... Done
     Building Dependency Tree... Done
     The following packages have been kept back
       B
     The following packages will be upgraded
       A Adep1 Adep2
     3 packages upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1 not upgraded.
     Need to get 5055B/5055kB of archives. After unpacking 1161kB will be used.
     Do you want to continue? [Y/n]

As you can see the package B is kept back. The reason is that in order to install the new version of B, B-2.deb, a new package must be installed, Bdep-new-1.deb, but apt-get upgrade doesn't install new packages, it only upgrades already installed packages.

On the other hand, apt-get dist-upgrade will also install new packages in order to resolve dependencies. So with a dist-upgrade you would get something like this:

     # apt-get dist-upgrade
     Reading Package Lists... Done
     Building Dependency Tree... Done
     Calculating Upgrade... Done
    The following NEW packages will be installed:
       Bdep-new
     The following packages will be upgraded
       A Adep1 Adep2 B Bdep1
     5 packages upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
     Need to get 7055B/7055kB of archives. After unpacking 1161kB will be used.
     Do you want to continue? [Y/n]

In general, if you do an apt-get upgrade and a package is kept back:
"This means that there are new versions of these packages which will not be installed for some reason. Possible reasons are broken dependencies (a package on which it depends doesn't have a version available for download) or [like in my example] new dependencies (the package has come to depend on new packages since the last version). " [APT HOWTO
Chapter 3 - Managing packages, section 3.4 Upgrading packages]

Lo que tenemos que hacer es poner el paquete en hold, y listo. En nuestro ejemplo, esto se hace con el siguiente comando:

echo “apache2 hold” | dpkg --set-selections

Si queremos quitar el hold sobre el paquete, ejecutamos el siguiente comando:

echo “apache2 install” | dpkg --set-selections

Por último, para conocer todos los paquetes seleccionados, usamos el comando:

dpkg --set-selections

Si estamos, acostumbrados a aptitud, la tenemos aún más facil. Les muestro como:

aptitude hold/unhold apache2

Knowledge and Aptitude are two completely different things!

There are thousands of sites and blogs that can teach you the technical aspects of website optimization, but do you really have an aptitude for it?

I like the definition of aptitude from wikipedia:

An aptitude is an innate, acquired, learned or developed component of a competency (the others being knowledge, understanding and attitude) to do a certain kind of work at a certain level.

I talk with people every day that have a cursury knowledge of what SEO is and how to optimize their site.  What they don't have is the aptitude.  These are smart people (doctors, accountants, small business owners) but their aptitude lies within their specialty, what they are really good at and what they make their living from.

I realize that many budgets are tight these days, but if you want outstanding results from your web site optimization efforts, hire someone with an aptitude for it.  Hire an SEO expert, whether it is us or somebody else you trust.  You'll be glad you did!

One word of caution - don't get locked into any long-term contracts for SEO.  A reputable company will be able to get good results for you in 60-90 days and many times even sooner than that.

Actually the problem persist after i remove my squid installation from my laptop (some bugz on aptitude i think .. already raised a call to launchpad) and then .. whenever i installed everything by aptitude / apt-get command, my HARDY always complaint like below :

...

update-rc.d: /etc/init.d/squid: file does not exist
invoke-rc.d: unknown initscript, /etc/init.d/squid not found.
dpkg: error processing squid (--configure):
subprocess post-installation script returned error exit status 100
Errors were encountered while processing:
squid
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
...

...

but i still can't fix it by implementing all suggestion that i found from all website which related with this.

So .. i tried by myself, since i found this line "/etc/init.d/squid: file does not exist" so i just try the dummy way by

1. touching an empty file as root "sudo touch /etc/init.d/squid", then after that ..

2. removing squid installation by "sudo aptitude remove squid" and voilaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa .. everything fine now ..

Buhuhuhhuuh .. hope everyone that having similar problem can fix it by reading this scratch pad.

I wanted my newly installed Ubuntu server to check for updates every day and then automatically update itself if there were any new updates found. I search the web trying to find an existing solution that would work out of the box for me. But I am of course very picky of what I want, so I could not found anything that met all my needs:

• Automatically check for updates every day.
• Automatically download and install any updates that were found.
• Report both success and failures to my e-mail and show me in the subject if the update failed or succeeded.
• Use an external smtp-server with authentication.

As I am also trying to learn the Ruby programming language, besides from Linux, I decided to use it to create my update script.

Installing Ruby

Ruby is not installed by default on Hardy Heron but can easily be installed from the Ubuntu repositories:

sudo apt-get install ruby

The Script

#!/usr/bin/ruby
##### Information ##############################################
# DESC:	This is an update script for Ubuntu Hardy Heron 8.04.
#	It will fetch any availible updates with aptitude and
#	install them. An e-mail with the result is then sent
#	using the configured smtp-server.
# AUTH:	Niklas "Lani" Lagergren
# REV.:	1.0 2008-08-06
#	* Initial release.
#
# COPY: No copyright claimed. No rights reserved. No warranty
#       given.
################################################################

##### Configurable mail server options: ########################
# These parameters needs to be changed to match your enviorment
################################################################
@mail_server = 'your.mail-server.com'
@mail_port   = 25
@mail_domain = 'your.mail-domain.com'
@mail_user   = 'username'
@mail_pass   = 'password'
@mail_from   = 'from@your.mail-domain.com'
@mail_to     = 'to@somewhere.nil'

require 'net/smtp'

# Format date according to rfc 2822, example:
# Fri, 11 Jul 2008 09:13:20 +0200
def time_to_rfc2822(time)
  time.strftime('%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S ') +
    if time.utc?
      '-0000'
    else
      off = time.utc_offset
    sign = off < 0 ? '-' : '+'
    format('%s%02d%02d', sign, *(off.abs / 60).divmod(60))
  end
end

# Send e-mail according to the configuration in the instance variables.
def send_mail(subject, body)
  msg = "From: Ubuntu Server <#{@mail_from}>\r\n" +
    "To: Server Administrator <#{@mail_to}>\r\n" +
    "Subject: #{subject}\r\n" +
    "Date: #{time_to_rfc2822(Time.new)}\r\n" +
    "Message-Id: <#{Time.new}@#{@mail_domain}>\r\n" +
    "\r\n#{body}\r\n"

    Net::SMTP.start(@mail_server, @mail_port, @mail_domain, @mail_user,
      @mail_pass) do |smtp|
      smtp.send_message msg, @mail_from, @mail_to
    end
end

# Run aptitude commands to update the system and capture it's output.
puts 'Running aptitude...'
body = `aptitude update 2>&1`
body << `aptitude dist-upgrade -y 2>&1` if $? == 0
body << `aptitude clean 2>&1` if $? == 0

subject = "#{@mail_domain} update #{$? == 0 ? 'succeded' : 'FAILED'} #{Time.new}"

puts 'Sending mail...'
send_mail subject, body
puts 'Mail sent.'

Set the script to run every day
Obviously you need to change the mail settings in the script as the comment suggest. Then save the script, I named it "autoupdate". To run the script on a daily basis copy it to "/etc/cron.daily". And don't forget to set execute permissions on the script (and as I have the password stored in the file I also removed all permissions from "others":

sudo chmod 770 autoupdate


Test the script
The easiest way to test the script is of course to just execute it:
sudo ./autoupdate

If you really want to make sure that it will execute when executed in the same way as when execute by the cron job you could run:

sudo run-parts /etc/cron.daily

Note that this will execute all scripts in the cron.daily folder. Another side note is that it probably won't run with the same permissions as when executed from the cron job, and it will probably take a long time to execute.

Now check your mailbox or the log files for the result:

cat /var/log/aptitude

Hopefully someone out there can benefit from this script as it is, or if you're like me; tweak it to suite your own needs ;)

Deweloperzy Debiana sprawili niespodziankę i zamrozili wydanie testowe. Oznacza to, wersje pakietów w Lennym nie powinny się zmienić, więc będzie mi łatwiej dostosować to co mam zrobione do tej pory, niż walczyć później ze wszystkim.

Czekam z niecierpliwością na koniec aktualizacji i zabieram sie do testowania :)

Ubuntu is very different than Windows as far as installing programs.

Most of the time, installing programs in Ubuntu is very very easy.

Applications > Add/Remove... >

Show:

Supported Applications, All Open Source Applications, Third Party Applications or All Available Applications.

Then add a check to the check box of the application you want to install, click Apply Changes and then Apply and type you password and click Close.

Adding programs does not get much easier than this.

To remove a program un-check the check box.

NOTE: VitalBodies suggests not choosing All Available Applications and third party applications until you have more experience managing and maintaining Ubuntu. In fact, if you are really new, you might want to use only Supported Applications until you are really up and running. See the Final Note (below) for more info.

What if the program you want to install is not on the list?

In short, here are the main ways to add programs:

ADDING PROGRAMS TO UBUNTU:

• Windows Programs:

  • How To Install A Windows Program In Ubuntu Hardy Heron

• DEB Packages (Debian or Ubuntu):

  • apt-get in Ubuntu Hardy Heron

  • aptitude Help on Ubuntu Hardy Heron

  • dpkg Help On Ubuntu Hardy Heron

  • Synaptic Package Manager:
    • System > Administration > Synaptic Package Manager.
• Finding DEB Packages:
  • http://www.getdeb.net/
  • http://linuxappfinder.com/all
• Advanced Ubuntu: (your on your own here...)
  
  • Ubuntu BackPorts: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UbuntuBackports
  • Compiling From Source: See Program For Details.
    • Usually you need to Build Essential to compile from source:

      • sudo apt-get install build-essential

FINAL NOTE:

In Ubuntu click the ? (HELP) icon and then click Adding, Removing and Updating Applications to learn more...

This post is part of a series on How To Install Programs In Ubuntu Hardy Heron.

Ubuntu is based upon Linux and Debian. Debian packages are files that can be software or components for the operating system packaged in such a way that they can installed or removed from the operating system. See the post on aptitude also.

dpkg is a tool to install, build, remove and manage Debian packages.

The primary and more user-friendly front-end for dpkg is dselect. dpkg itself is controlled entirely via command line parameters, which consist of exactly one action and zero or more options.

The action-parameter tells dpkg what to do and options control the behavior of the action in some way.

NOTE: Use `dselect' or `aptitude' for user-friendly package management.

Normally one would use Applications > Add/Remove... to install and remove programs. Sometimes though one has to go beyond that.

Like many of the commands you use in the terminal you can find HELP by typing the command and then –help.

Here is an example:

Applications > Accessories > Terminal

We typed

dpkg --help

Then pressed the Enter key on the keyboard
Here is what we saw:

dpkg --help

Usage: dpkg [<option> ...] <command>

Commands:
  -i|--install       <.deb file name> ... | -R|--recursive <directory> ...
  --unpack           <.deb file name> ... | -R|--recursive <directory> ...
  -A|--record-avail  <.deb file name> ... | -R|--recursive <directory> ...
  --configure|--triggers-only <package> ... | -a|--pending
  -r|--remove        <package> ... | -a|--pending
  -P|--purge         <package> ... | -a|--pending
  --get-selections [<pattern> ...] Get list of selections to stdout.
  --set-selections                 Set package selections from stdin.
  --clear-selections               Deselect every non-essential package.
  --update-avail <Packages-file>   Replace available packages info.
  --merge-avail <Packages-file>    Merge with info from file.
  --clear-avail                    Erase existing available info.
  --forget-old-unavail             Forget uninstalled unavailable pkgs.
  -s|--status <package> ...        Display package status details.
  -p|--print-avail <package> ...   Display available version details.
  -L|--listfiles <package> ...     List files `owned' by package(s).
  -l|--list [<pattern> ...]        List packages concisely.
  -S|--search <pattern> ...        Find package(s) owning file(s).
  -C|--audit                       Check for broken package(s).
  --print-architecture             Print dpkg architecture.
  --compare-versions <a> <op> <b>  Compare version numbers - see below.
  --force-help                     Show help on forcing.
  -Dh|--debug=help                 Show help on debugging.

  -h|--help                        Show this help message.
  --version                        Show the version.
  --license|--licence              Show the copyright licensing terms.

Use dpkg -b|--build|-c|--contents|-e|--control|-I|--info|-f|--field|
 -x|--extract|-X|--vextract|--fsys-tarfile  on archives (type dpkg-deb --help).

For internal use: dpkg --assert-support-predepends | --predep-package |
  --assert-working-epoch | --assert-long-filenames | --assert-multi-conrep.

Options:
  --admindir=<directory>     Use <directory> instead of /var/lib/dpkg.
  --root=<directory>         Install on a different root directory.
  --instdir=<directory>      Change installation dir without changing admin dir.
  -O|--selected-only         Skip packages not selected for install/upgrade.
  -E|--skip-same-version     Skip packages whose same version is installed.
  -G|--refuse-downgrade      Skip packages with earlier version than installed.
  -B|--auto-deconfigure      Install even if it would break some other package.
  [--no-]triggers            Skip or force consequential trigger processing.
  --no-debsig                Do not try to verify package signatures.
  --no-act|--dry-run|--simulate
                             Just say what we would do - don't do it.
  -D|--debug=<octal>         Enable debugging (see -Dhelp or --debug=help).
  --status-fd <n>            Send status change updates to file descriptor <n>.
  --log=<filename>           Log status changes and actions to <filename>.
  --ignore-depends=<package>,...
                             Ignore dependencies involving <package>.
  --force-...                Override problems (see --force-help).
  --no-force-...|--refuse-...
                             Stop when problems encountered.
  --abort-after <n>          Abort after encountering <n> errors.

Comparison operators for --compare-versions are:
  lt le eq ne ge gt       (treat empty version as earlier than any version);
  lt-nl le-nl ge-nl gt-nl (treat empty version as later than any version);
  < << <= = >= >> >       (only for compatibility with control file syntax).

Use `dselect' or `aptitude' for user-friendly package management.

This post is part of a series on How To Install Programs In Ubuntu Hardy Heron.

This post is part of a series on How To Install Programs In Ubuntu Hardy Heron.

If you are new to Ubuntu you might see posts on the forums about aptitude.

But what is aptitude and how can one find out more about it?

aptitude - high-level interface to the package manager

aptitude is a text-based interface to the Debian GNU/Linux package system.

It allows the user to view the list of packages and to perform package management tasks such as installing, upgrading, and removing packages. Actions may be performed from a visual interface or from the command-line.

Normally one would use Applications > Add/Remove... to install and remove programs. Sometimes though one has to go beyond that.

Like many of the commands you use in the terminal you can find HELP by typing the command and then --help.

Here is an example:

Applications > Accessories > Terminal

We typed

aptitude --help

Then pressed the Enter key on the keyboard
Here is what we saw:

aptitude --help
aptitude 0.4.9
Usage: aptitude [-S fname] [-u|-i]
       aptitude [options] <action> ...
  Actions (if none is specified, aptitude will enter interactive mode):

 install      - Install/upgrade packages
 remove       - Remove packages
 purge        - Remove packages and their configuration files
 hold         - Place packages on hold
 unhold       - Cancel a hold command for a package
 markauto     - Mark packages as having been automatically installed
 unmarkauto   - Mark packages as having been manually installed
 forbid-version - Forbid aptitude from upgrading to a specific package version.
 update       - Download lists of new/upgradable packages
 safe-upgrade - Perform a safe upgrade
 full-upgrade - Perform an upgrade, possibly installing and removing packages
 forget-new   - Forget what packages are "new"
 search       - Search for a package by name and/or expression
 show         - Display detailed information about a package
 clean        - Erase downloaded package files
 autoclean    - Erase old downloaded package files
 changelog    - View a package's changelog
 download     - Download the .deb file for a package
 reinstall    - Download and (possibly) reinstall a currently installed package

  Options:
 -h             This help text
 -s             Simulate actions, but do not actually perform them.
 -d             Only download packages, do not install or remove anything.
 -P             Always prompt for confirmation or actions
 -y             Assume that the answer to simple yes/no questions is 'yes'
 -F format      Specify a format for displaying search results; see the manual
 -O order       Specify how search results should be sorted; see the manual
 -w width       Specify the display width for formatting search results
 -f             Aggressively try to fix broken packages.
 -V             Show which versions of packages are to be installed.
 -D             Show the dependencies of automatically changed packages.
 -Z             Show the change in installed size of each package.
 -v             Display extra information. (may be supplied multiple times)
 -t [release]   Set the release from which packages should be installed
 -q             In command-line mode, suppress the incremental progress indicators.
 -o key=val     Directly set the configuration option named 'key'
 --with(out)-recommends    Specify whether or not to treat recommends as
                strong dependencies
 -S fname       Read the aptitude extended status info from fname.
 -u             Download new package lists on startup.
 -i             Perform an install run on startup.

This aptitude does not have Super Cow Powers.

This post is part of a series on How To Install Programs In Ubuntu Hardy Heron.

sudo apt-get install virtualbox && sudo adduser $USER vboxusers

Tendríamos instalado VirtualBox y nuestro usuario añadido a el grupo "vboxusers". Tan sólo tendríamos que re-logearnos para que los cambios tomen efecto.

En caso de que optes por la edición OSE (Open Source Edition) bastaría con escribir;

sudo apt-get install virtualbox-ose virtualbox-ose-modules && adduser $USER vboxusers


Y ya estaría, podeis encontrar VirtualBox en Aplicaciones -> Herramientas del Sistema -> Sun xVM VirtualBox.

Espero que os haya servido de ayuda.

"Este aptitude no tiene poderes de Super Vaca" y "este APT tiene poderes de Super Vaca" son dos enigmáticas frases que un día, más tarde o más temprano, te puedes encontrar mientras gozas instalando con el Terminal al más puro estilo "geek".

¿Qué será eso de la Super Vaca? Bueno, comprobarlo es sencillito y no deja de resultar divertido.

Así averiguarás quien es la dichosa Super Vaca :)

APT

Escribe en un Terminal (no hace falta que sea de "root"):

apt-get moo

APTITUDE

(éste es más divertido) escribe (sucesivamente) en un Terminal:

aptitude moo

aptitude moo -v

aptitude moo -vv

aptitude moo -vvv

aptitude moo -vvvv

aptitude moo -vvvvv

aptitude moo -vvvvvv

Está claro que los programadores son unos cachondos, ¿verdad? :D

My 14 year old daughter has been ‘discovered’ by a modeling agency and of course, wants to do it. The irony is that I am a child development professional, feminist and educator who teaches primarily parent and family education, but also about media representations of women, and has counseled women with eating disorders for many years (I have a graduate degree in nutrition). I have very mixed feelings about this whole thing…

ModelMom

We all want to support and encourage our kids in their areas of interests - but what if they have a special "gift", talent, aptitude, or passion that "gets their motor running?  What if it requires “something extra” from parents?  What if we have mixed feelings or nagging doubts?